Paris: UNESCO's executive board has chosen former French Culture Minister Audrey Azoulay to be the UN cultural agency's next leader over a Qatari candidate in an unusually heated race overshadowed by Mideast tensions. The US announcement this week that it's quitting UNESCO rocked the multi-day election and heightened concerns about the agency's funding and future direction. Azoulay succeeds outgoing Director-General Irina Bokova of Bulgaria, whose eight-year term was marred by financial woes and criticism over Palestine's inclusion as a member. On Thursday, the US and Israel said they plan to pull out of the Paris-based organisation over its perceived anti-Israel bias. 

The 45-year-old took the stage to chants of "Audrey! Audrey!" following her victory and said the response to UNESCO's problems was to reform the agency, not to walk away an understated rebuke of the US and Israel. "In this moment of crisis, I believe we must invest in UNESCO more than ever, look to support and reinforce it, and to reform it. And not leave it," she said. In a short address, she also thanked "the Executive Board member states that gave me their trust" in her surprise 30-28 vote win yesterday over Qatari candidate Hamad bin Abdulaziz al-Kawari. UNESCO's general assembly will have to sign off next month on the executive board's leadership pick, but it's seen as a formality. 

The new director will set priorities for the organisation best known for its World Heritage program to protect cultural sites and traditions. The agency also works to improve education for girls, promote an understanding of the Holocaust's horrors, defend media freedom and coordinate science about climate change. Azoulay, a Jewish woman, had started the week's voting with much less support but built up backing as other candidates dropped out and won a runoff earlier Friday against Egypt's candidate. The vote was a huge blow to Arab states, who had long wanted to lead the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. 

UNESCO has previously had European, Asian, African and American chiefs, but never an Arab one since the organisation was founded in 1945 following World War II to promote world peace through culture. The agency's inclusion of Palestine as a member state in 2011 complicated this push, as did Qatar's diplomatic dispute with Arab neighbours over accusations of sponsoring Islamic extremism. Azoulay will be the second French leader of the organisation since Rene Maheu, UNESCO's director general from 1961-74. 

Azoulay's father is Moroccan and was an influential adviser to Moroccan kings, so she does have a connection to the Arab world. "UNESCO is going through a profound crisis," Azoulay told journalists on Friday after making it to the final vote. "As a response to these difficulties, France has chosen not to leave but at the contrary to invest more ... because we believe in multilateralism. We believe in universal values." Jewish groups took issue with al-Kawari's candidacy, citing a preface he wrote to a 2013 Arabic book called "Jerusalem in the Eyes of the Poets" that they claim is anti- Semitic. 

He wrote "We pray to God to liberate (Jerusalem) from captivity and we pray to God to give Muslims the honour of liberating it." In March, the Simon Wiesenthal Centre wrote an open letter to German Ambassador Michael Worbs, chair of the UNESCO Executive Board, to criticise the organisation for accepting al-Kawari's candidacy. Azoulay's late entry into the leadership race in March annoyed many UNESCO member states who thought that since France hosts the Paris-based agency it shouldn't field a candidate. Arab intellectuals urged French President Emmanuel Macron to withdraw his support for her. The voting process itself was highly politicised.