Mahatma Gandhi dedicated his life to truth and non-violence, values that became his powerful tools against British colonial rule.
Gandhi Jayanti Special: October 2 holds immense significance in Indian history as it marks the birth anniversary of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. Born on this day in 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi dedicated his life to truth and non-violence, values that became his powerful tools against British colonial rule.
Mahatma Gandhi, whose full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, was deeply influenced by his family's religious and ethical values, especially those of his mother, Putlibai, and father, Karamchand Gandhi. These early influences shaped his commitment to simplicity, humility, and justice.
Early Education and Marriage
Mohandas Gandhi received his early education at local schools in Porbandar and later studied at Albert High School in Rajkot. At the young age of 13, he married Kasturbai Makanji, who was six months older than him. She would later be known as Kasturba Gandhi. Together, the couple had four sons: Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, and Devdas.
Journey to London for Legal Studies
In 1888, Gandhi left for London to pursue a law degree. After completing his studies in June 1891, he returned to India to practice law, a profession that soon led him to the crossroads of a greater calling.
From Mohandas to Mahatma
Gandhi's life took a significant turn during his time in South Africa, where he fought for the rights of migrant Indians and protested against the British policy of apartheid. His activism in South Africa resonated in India, laying the foundation for his future role as a leader in India's freedom struggle. In 1915, upon returning to India, he established the Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where he continued to lead by example, often taking up cleaning tasks as a symbol of humility.
Champaran Movement: The Beginning of Political Action
In 1917, Gandhi launched his first major political movement in India by leading the Champaran movement in Bihar, which aimed to free indigo farmers from exploitative British laws. This movement marked the beginning of Gandhi’s deep involvement in the Indian freedom struggle.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Civil Disobedience
The 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where thousands of unarmed Indians were killed, deeply affected Gandhi. This tragedy led him to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement against the British, further mobilizing the Indian public in their fight for independence.
Salt Satyagraha and Dandi March
In 1930, Gandhi embarked on the historic Dandi March, a 200-mile protest against the British salt tax. This non-violent campaign, known as the Salt Satyagraha, became a symbol of Indian resistance against British oppression.
Quit India Movement: The Final Push for Freedom
In 1942, Gandhi initiated the Quit India Movement, a decisive call for an end to British rule. This movement played a critical role in accelerating India’s journey towards independence. Despite the joy of freedom on August 15, 1947, India was tragically divided into two nations—India and Pakistan.
A Tragic End
On January 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi’s life was cut short when he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. His legacy, however, continues to inspire generations across the globe, with his principles of satya (truth) and ahimsa (non-violence) remaining ever relevant.
