Understanding Fistula: Causes, Symptoms & Modern Treatment Options

Understanding Fistula: Causes, Symptoms & Modern Treatment Options: A fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between two body parts that should not normally be connected. In the context of anal fistula, it typically forms between the inside of the anal canal and the skin around the anus. Though often small in size, a fistula can cause significant discomfort, recurrent infections, and affect a person’s quality of life if left untreated.
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Causes of Anal Fistula
Anal fistulas most commonly develop as a result of:
•   Infected Anal Glands – Infection in the anal glands can lead to abscess formation, which may burst or be drained but leave behind a tract that becomes a fistula.
•   Chronic Anal Abscess – Recurrent or untreated abscesses increase the risk.
•   Medical Conditions – Crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, trauma, or previous anal surgery.
•   Other Infections – Sexually transmitted infections or prolonged inflammation.
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Common Symptoms
Patients with a fistula may experience:
•   Persistent discharge of pus or blood from an opening near the anus
•   Pain, swelling, and irritation around the anal area
•   Recurrent abscess formation
•   Fever during acute infection episodes
•   Foul-smelling discharge staining clothes
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Why Early Treatment is Important
A fistula rarely heals on its own. Delayed treatment can lead to:
•   Spread of infection
•   Formation of multiple branching tracts (complex fistula)
•   Increased pain and difficulty in surgical management
•   Long-term impact on continence and lifestyle
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Diagnosis
At Rana Hospital, we use:
•   Clinical Examination – Identifying external openings and signs of infection
•   Proctoscopy – To examine the anal canal internally
•   MRI Fistulogram – For complex or recurrent cases to map the entire tract before surgery
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Treatment Options
The only definitive treatment for anal fistula is surgical intervention. At Rana Hospital, we specialise in painless, minimally invasive, and sphincter-saving techniques to ensure quick recovery and minimal discomfort. Options include:
•   Fistulotomy – Opening and cleaning the tract in simple cases
•   LIFT Procedure – Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract, preserving the sphincter muscles
•   VAAFT (Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) – A modern, minimally invasive approach allowing precise closure of the tract from within
•   Laser Fistula Treatment (FiLaC) – A cutting-edge technique using laser energy for healing with minimal scarring
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Post-Treatment Care
•   Maintain proper anal hygiene
•   Eat a high-fibre diet to avoid constipation
•   Drink plenty of water
•   Take prescribed medications regularly
•   Attend follow-up appointments to ensure complete healing
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Why Choose Rana Hospital, Sirhind
Under the leadership of Dr.Hitender Suri, Rana Hospital has become a trusted centre for piles, fissure, and fistula treatment in Punjab. We combine advanced medical technology with compassionate patient care, ensuring that every patient receives personalised treatment tailored to their condition. Our success rates in complex fistula surgeries are among the highest in the region.
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If you are suffering from symptoms of an anal fistula, do not ignore them. Early consultation can save you from complications and ensure a smooth recovery.
Rana Hospital – Sirhind, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
Call: 9814128667
Website: www.ranapileshospital.com